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Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) — also known as nosocomial infection — is an infection that is contracted from the environment or staff of a healthcate facility. It can be spread in the hospital environment, nursing home environment, rehabilitation facility, or other clinical settings. Infection is spread to the suseptible patient in the clinical setting by a number of means. Health care staff can spread infection, in addition to contaminated equipment, bed linens, or air droplets. The infection can originate from the outside environment, another infected patient, staff that may be infectedor in some cases, the source of the infection cannot be determined. In some cases the microrganism originates from the patient's own skin microbiota, becoming opportunistic after surgery or other procedures that compromise the protective skin barrier. Though the patient may have contracted the infection from their own skin, the infection is still considered nosocomial simce it developes in the health care setting. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated roughly 1.7 million hospital-associated infections, from all types of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi combined, cause or contribute to 99,000 deaths each year. In Europe, where hospital surveys have been conducted, the category of gram-negative infections are estimated to account for two-thirds of the 25,000 deaths each year. Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream and other parts of the body. Many types are difficult to treat with antibiotics, and. In addition, antibiotic resistance can complicate treatment. == Types== * Hospital-acquired pneumonia * * Ventilator-associated pneumonia * Urinary tract infection * Gastroenteritis * Puerperal fever 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hospital-acquired infection」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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